Stone 2 · 74 lessons
Because, when, if, who and more
Give reasons, tell when things happen and say what could happen: because, when, if, before, after, although, unless, who, which.
- ✍️ Write it
- 📖 Read it
- 👂 Listen to it
- 🗣️ Say it
- Lesson 1Complex IslandStart · free
- Lesson 2Complex Island🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 3Complex Island🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 4Complex Island🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 5Complex Island🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 6Complex Island🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 7Complex Island🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 8Complex Island🔒 Full Access
Show all 74 lessons
- Lesson 9Complex Island🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 10Complex Island🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 11Complex Island🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 12Complex Island🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 13Complex Island: before, after, while, although🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 14Complex Island: before, after, while, although🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 15Complex Island: before, after, while, although🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 16Complex Island: before, after, while, although🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 17Complex Island: before, after, while, although🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 18Complex Island: before, after, while, although🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 19Complex Island: before, after, while, although🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 20Complex Island: before, after, while, although🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 21Complex Island: before, after, while, although🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 22Complex Island: before, after, while, although🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 23Complex Island: before, after, while, although🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 24Complex Island: before, after, while, although🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 25Same idea, two ways🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 26Same idea, two ways🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 27Same order, two ways🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 28Same order, two ways🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 29Same order, two ways🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 30Same order, two ways🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 31Joining words: so that, who, which, that🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 32Joining words: so that, who, which, that🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 33Joining words: so that, who, which, that🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 34Joining words: so that, who, which, that🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 35Joining words: so that, who, which, that🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 36Joining words: so that, who, which, that🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 37Joining words: so that, who, which, that🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 38Joining words: so that, who, which, that🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 39Joining words: so that, who, which, that🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 40Joining words: so that, who, which, that🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 41Joining words: so that, who, which, that🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 42Joining words: so that, who, which, that🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 43Short purpose: so that → to🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 44Short purpose: so that → to🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 45Unless🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 46Unless🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 47Unless🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 48Unless🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 49Unless🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 50Unless🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 51if not ↔ unless🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 52if not ↔ unless🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 53Only that: everything, all, the best🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 54Only that: everything, all, the best🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 55Only that: everything, all, the best🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 56Only that: everything, all, the best🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 57Extra information with commas🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 58Extra information with commas🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 59Extra information with commas🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 60Extra information with commas🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 61whom, to whom, in which🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 62whom, to whom, in which🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 63whom, to whom, in which🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 64whom, to whom, in which🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 65Shorter time clauses🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 66Shorter time clauses🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 67Shorter time clauses🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 68Shorter time clauses🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 69Shorter time clauses🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 70Shorter time clauses🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 71Shorter describing clauses🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 72Shorter describing clauses🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 73Shorter describing clauses🔒 Full Access
- Lesson 74Shorter describing clauses🔒 Full Access
Short answer: Because, when, if is stone 2 of the Learning Path. You learn to give reasons, tell when things happen and say what could happen: because, when, if, before, after, while, although, who, which and that. There are 74 short lessons, and in each you write, read, listen and say. Lesson 1 is free to try.
Who it is for
- Learners who can join two ideas with and, but, or and so and want longer, clearer sentences.
- People whose writing is full of short sentences.
- Anyone who needs to explain why or when in English.
What you learn
- Join ideas with because, when and if.
- Put events in order with before, after and while.
- Say who or which with who, which and that.
- Make long sentences shorter and clearer.
Example
Before: I stayed home. It was raining. After: I stayed home because it was raining. The word because gives the reason.
What is free
Lesson 1 is free to try. The other lessons are part of Full Access.
Next step
Paragraphs teaches how to put sentences together into one clear paragraph.
Questions
What are complex sentences?
A complex sentence has a main idea and a part that cannot stand alone, such as because it was raining. The extra part starts with a word such as because, when, if or who.
Which lessons are the most useful?
Because, when and if are the most common. Start there, then learn before, after, while and although.
How long does this stone take?
There are 74 lessons. About 15 minutes a day is enough to make steady progress.
What you will learn
- Join ideas with because, when and if
- Put events in order with before, after and while
- Say who or which with who, which and that
- Make long sentences shorter
How a lesson works
Every step is spoken, so you always know what to do. You write a sentence or a paragraph, then you read the same text, listen to it and say it. A rule card (💡 Grammar) and a sound lesson (👄 Sounds) are one tap away. The microphone is optional.
The 13 topics in this part
Each topic has its own article with the idea, examples and where to practice. The lessons are in the same order.
- Complex Island: Join a main idea and a reason, a time or a condition with because, when, if.
- Complex Island: before, after, while, although: Join two ideas with before, after, while, although.
- Same idea, two ways: See that so and because can tell the same idea in two ways.
- Same order, two ways: See that before and after, but and although can tell the same idea in two ways.
- Joining words: so that, who, which, that: Say a purpose with so that, and add information about a person or thing with who, which, that.
- Short purpose: so that → to: Say a goal in a shorter way with to + verb when the doer is the same.
- Unless: Say what could stop something with unless (unless = if not).
- if not ↔ unless: See that if ... not and unless tell the same idea.
- Only that: everything, all, the best: Choose that (not which or who) after everything, all, only and superlatives.
- Extra information with commas: Add extra information with commas and who (people) or which (things).
- whom, to whom, in which: Use whom and a preposition before whom or which.
- Shorter time clauses: Make before, after and while clauses shorter with -ing when the doer is the same.
- Shorter describing clauses: Make who / which clauses shorter with -ing or a past participle.
How to practice
- Play a little every day: about 15 minutes is enough.
- Say the sentence out loud after the voice, even without the microphone.
- Repeat a lesson that feels easy. Repeating is practice, not a test.
- When you make a mistake, open the rule card and read the examples.
Next stone: 📄 Paragraphs that flow