Topics
Every idea you meet on the Learning Path has its own short article: the rule, examples, common mistakes and where to practice. Pick a topic to read first, or start a lesson and come back here when you want the explanation.
Writing topics (31)
🔗 Join ideas: and, but, or, so
🌉 Because, when, if, who and more
- Complex sentences: because, when, if
- Complex sentences: before, after, while, although
- Same idea, two ways
- Same order, two ways
- Joining words: so that, who, which, that
- Short purpose: so that → to
- Unless
- if not ↔ unless
- Only that: everything, all, the best
- Extra information with commas
- whom, to whom, in which
- Shorter time clauses
- Shorter describing clauses
📄 Paragraphs that flow
- Connected sentences: descriptive
- Connected sentences: narrative
- How to write a paragraph
- Descriptive paragraphs
- Narrative paragraphs
- Informative paragraphs
- Opinion paragraphs
📰 Articles and essays
- How to write a short article
- Descriptive essays
- Narrative essays
- Informative essays
- Opinion essays
- Problem and solution essays
- Cause and effect essays
- Compare and contrast essays
- Argumentative essays
Writing guide
Pronunciation guides
- English pronunciation guide: sounds, stress and rhythm
- How to pronounce -s, -es and -ed endings
- English word stress: rules, patterns and examples
Idioms and slang
- English idioms: meanings and examples
- English slang: what common slang words mean
- Idioms about feelings: meanings and examples
- Idioms for talking with people: meanings and examples
- Idioms for school and work: meanings and examples
- Idioms about money: meanings and examples
- Idioms for advice and encouragement: meanings and examples
- Idioms about luck, risk and choices: meanings and examples
- Idioms about mistakes and trouble: meanings and examples
- Idioms about everyday life, time and weather: meanings and examples
- Everyday English expressions: cool, my bad, no worries and more
- Slang about friends and feelings: what the words mean
- Slang for saying something is great: lit, dope, fire, slay
- Slang about honesty: no cap, cap and sus
- Slang about attitude and plans: low-key, bet, YOLO and more
- A piece of cake: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Break the ice: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Spill the beans: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Under the weather: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Hit the books: meaning, examples and when to use it
- On cloud nine: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Cost an arm and a leg: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Once in a blue moon: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Call it a day: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Break a leg: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Bite the bullet: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Beat around the bush: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Let the cat out of the bag: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Raining cats and dogs: meaning, examples and when to use it
- “A piece of cake” and other idioms for easy things: which one to use?
- No cap: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Sus: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Cap: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Ghosted: meaning, examples and when to use it
- FOMO: meaning, examples and when to use it
- YOLO: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Bae: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Lit: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Slay: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Rent-free: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Low-key: meaning, examples and when to use it
- High-key: meaning, examples and when to use it
- It's giving...: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Main character energy: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Bet: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Fire: meaning, examples and when to use it
- Dope: meaning, examples and when to use it
Parts of speech
- Parts of speech: noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun
- What is a verb? Types and examples
- What is an adverb? Types and examples
- What is a pronoun? Types and examples
Grammar rule cards (70)
Level G1
- Naming words: nouns
- A or An?
- One and many: plural -s
- Plurals: -es, -ies and special nouns
- this, that, these, those
- I am, you are, it is
- he, she, it, we, they + is / are
- have and has
- can and can't
- Adjectives describe nouns
- A or The?
- have got and has got
Level G2
- Subject + Verb
- Verbs can have an object
- Present simple: I, you, we, they
- Present simple: he, she, it + -s
- Negatives: not with be and can
- Negatives: don't and doesn't
- Yes/No questions and short answers
- Wh- questions: what, where, who, how
- Present continuous: happening now
- Where is it? Prepositions of place
- my, your, his, her and me, him, them
- Sit down! Let's play! Instructions and Let's
- at 7, on Monday, in May: time words
- Whose is it? Mia's, mine and yours
- No Article?
Level G3
- Joining words: and, but, or, so
- because: giving reasons
- there is / there are
- Past: was and were
- Past simple: regular -ed
- Past simple: irregular verbs and did
- Comparing two things: -er and more … than
- I like swimming. I want to swim.
- Every day or right now?
Level G4
- The best: comparing three or more
- Future: will and won't
- Plans: am / is / are going to
- Telling a story: first, then, next, finally
- when and if
- Polite talk: Can I …? Would you like …?
- always, usually, sometimes, never
- some, any, much, many
- will or going to?
Level G5
- before and after
- Past continuous: was / were + -ing
- when and while in stories
- Why we do things: to and so that
- Describing people with who
- Describing things with that and which
- although and even though
- How we do things: adverbs of manner
- Full stops and commas between ideas
- A paragraph: topic sentence and details
Level G6
- Have you ever …? Experience
- already, yet, just
- Present perfect or past simple?
- Advice and rules: should, must, have to
- unless
- as … as, and comparing actions
- Linking sentences: also, however, for example, in the end
- Referring back: it, they, this, one
- Telling what someone said
- Shorter time clauses: before eating
- Shorter describing clauses: the boy playing
- Verb + -ing or to + verb
- Only that: everything, all, the best
- Extra information with commas
- whom, to whom, in which
Sound lessons (48)
Sound Awareness
- Same or Different Sounds
- Beginning Sounds
- Ending Sounds
- Rhyming Words
- Syllables & Rhythm
- Blend & Break Words
Phonics & Word Decoding
- Basic Consonant Sounds
- More Consonant Sounds
- Short vowels a and e
- Short vowels i, o and u
- CVC Blending
- Consonant Digraphs
- Consonant Blends
- Magic e
- Long Vowel Teams I
- Long Vowel Teams II
- R-Controlled Vowels
- Diphthongs & Vowel Patterns
- Common Letter Patterns
- Silent Letters & Tricky Words
Sound Contrast & Articulation
- sh or s? ship, sip
- Short i or long ee? ship, sheep
- th, s or d? think, sink, they, day
- ch, sh or j? chip, ship, jam
- l, r or n? light, right, night
- a, e or u? bag, beg, bug
- f, v or w? fan, van, wet
- Final Consonant Contrasts
Word Pronunciation Rules
- Final Consonants
- Saying -s and -es
- Pronouncing -ed
- Syllable Division
- Two-Syllable Word Stress
- Longer Word Stress
- Schwa and Weak Vowels
- Exceptions & Review
Sentence Pronunciation
- Sentence Stress
- Weak & Strong Forms
- Linking Sounds
- Rhythm & Chunking
- Voice up or voice down?
- Saying it with feeling